Controlling the maximum amount of air entering the engine (Hyundai Elantra XD)

There are many reasons why large amounts of fuel should not be injected into the engine cylinders: (or the maximum physically possible amount):

• excessive emission of harmful substances with exhaust gases;
• excessive soot emission;
• mechanical overload due to excessive torque or extreme crankshaft speed;
• thermal overload resulting from overheating of coolant, engine oil or turbocharger.

The maximum amount of air entering the engine is determined by a large number of input variables, such as the mass of incoming air, engine speed, and coolant temperature.