General description of the battery (Hyundai Elantra J1)

The battery is the first link in the chain of mechanisms that work to power the engine. In most modern cars it is of the lead-acid type, consisting of six batteries connected in series to form a battery to produce 12 volts. Each of the six cells (cans) contains a certain number of positive and negative plates, separated by a small distance and located in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. The two types of plates are made of dissimilar metals. This causes a chemical reaction that produces a current flowing out of the battery when its positive and negative terminals are connected to an electrical drive - a lamp, motor, etc. The continuous flow of electrons eventually converts the acid in the electrolyte into water and makes the two plates chemically identical. As electrical energy is "removed" from the battery, its voltage drops. Thus, measuring battery voltage and electrolyte composition are ways to monitor the battery's ability to produce voltage. When the engine is started, electrical energy is "removed" from the battery. However, if the battery charging circuit is in good condition and operating conditions are normal, the energy expended by the battery will be recaptured by the generator, which directs electrons back through the battery, in the opposite direction to the normal flow, and returns the battery to its original chemical state.

The battery and starter are connected to each other by very thick electrical wires designed to reduce resistance to current flow. The main power wire coming from the battery goes directly to the starter, while the rest of the electrical consumers are connected with thinner wires. When the starter is operating, voltage from the battery is supplied to the starter and it is grounded through the vehicle body and the negative battery terminal wire.