- 1. Forced crankcase ventilation system.
- 2. Fuel vapor recovery system.
- 3. Exhaust gas cleaning system.
Forced crankcase ventilation system
The positive crankcase ventilation system is designed to prevent air pollution caused by crankcase blow-by. This system ensures that fresh air enters the engine crankcase through the air filter. Inside the crankcase, fresh air mixes with crankcase gases and enters through the positive crankcase ventilation valve (PCV) into the intake system.
Evaporative Emission System
The vapor recovery system is designed to prevent fuel vapor from entering the atmosphere.
Adsorber
When the engine is not running, fuel vapors accumulated in the fuel tank are adsorbed and stored in the canister. During engine operation, adsorbed fuel vapors from the canister enter the intake system through the canister purge solenoid valve.
Canister purge solenoid valve
The adsorber purge solenoid valve is controlled by an electronic control unit; when the engine coolant temperature is low and while the engine is running at idle, the engine closes to prevent vaporized fuel from entering the intake manifold. After the engine warms up, during normal driving, it opens and lets the evaporated fuel into the intake manifold.
Exhaust gas cleaning system
The exhaust aftertreatment system is a highly efficient system that manages the composition of the exhaust gases and maintains optimum engine performance.
Exhaust Catalytic Converter (for petrol engine)
Pic. 1.191. Exhaust Catalytic Converter
The catalytic converter is part of the exhaust emission control system. It removes some of the engine's emissions from the exhaust gases. The catalytic converter looks like a muffler and is located at the bottom of the car in the exhaust system.
Exhaust gases passing through the catalytic converter heat it up strongly. If a large amount of unburned fuel enters the catalytic converter, it may ignite.
The operating instructions for the catalytic converter below must be followed.
Use only unleaded gasoline.
Keep the engine in good technical condition. Excessively high catalytic converter temperatures can cause electrical, ignition or fuel injection systems to malfunction.
Do not drive the vehicle with very low fuel levels. If the fuel is completely used up, misfiring and catalytic converter overload may occur.
Do not allow the engine to run at idle speed for more than 10 minutes.
Do not start the vehicle engine by towing. This may damage the catalytic converter.
Avoid parking in places where hot parts of the exhaust system may come into contact with flammable materials or objects, such as dry fallen leaves or grass. This may cause them to catch fire.
Do not touch the catalytic converter or other parts of the exhaust system when the engine is running as they become very hot.