Verification Procedures
Pic. 4.1. Tire tread diagnostics
Carry out diagnostics on the condition of tires (pic. 4.1).
Front wheel alignment
When checking the alignment of the front wheels using a special tool (wheel alignment tester) Always park the vehicle on a level surface with the front wheels in a straight ahead position. Before checking, make sure that the front suspension, steering and wheels are in good technical condition. Also, check that the wheels are in the straight ahead position and that the tire pressure is correct.
Wheel alignment (toe-in)
Pic. 4.2. wheel alignment
wheel alignment (size difference B-A or sum of angles a + b) adjustable by turning the tie rod ends. To change the wheel alignment, rotate the right and left tie rod ends at equal angles in opposite directions. The amount of toe-in will decrease as the left tie rod end is rotated towards the rear of the vehicle (and the tip of the right steering rod - towards the front of the car).
Convergence B-A
Nominal value: 0±2 mm.
Adjustment of slip and angles of rotation of the steered wheels (side slip and steering angle)
Pic. 4.3. Adjustment of slip and angles of rotation of the steered wheels
The slip is controlled by turning the side tie rod.
The angles of rotation of the wheels are regulated by the nominal torque, rotating the right and left side steering rods in opposite directions to certain angles.
External wheel turning angle: 32°73'±2.
Inner wheel angle (the difference between left and right should be no more than 2°): 37°41’ ±2.
The difference in the internal angles of rotation of the wheels by means of torsion: 0.65°.
The moment of an inhaling of a locknut of a lateral steering draft: 50–55 Н·м.
Note. Remove the protective boot clamps before turning the side tie rods.
Note. Check the protective boots for twisting after installing the side tie rod.
Camber (camber)
The camber of the front wheels is provided by the geometry of the front suspension (mutual position of the steering knuckle and the front suspension strut) those. adjusted at the factory and cannot be adjusted during operation.
Camber: 0°±30'.
Longitudinal tilt of the axis of rotation (caster)
Pic. 4.4. Pitch
The longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation is adjusted at the factory and cannot be adjusted during operation. If the caster is out of specification, replace the deformed or damaged suspension parts.
Pitch: 2°30'±30'.
Note. Worn or damaged front suspension parts should be replaced before wheel alignment is checked.
Pic. 4.5. Wheel alignment measurement
A special device is used to measure wheel alignment angles (09529-21000) (pic. 4.5).
The longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation and the camber are adjusted at the factory and cannot be adjusted during operation.
If caster and camber are not within specification, replace deformed or damaged suspension parts.
Rear wheel alignment
Convergence (toe-in): 0±2 mm.
Pic. 4.6. Adjusting the lower suspension arm by turning the cam bolt
Adjustment of the lower arm of the rear suspension is carried out by a cam bolt (pic. 4.6).
Left wishbone tip: Clockwise rotation increases toe-in.
Right transverse arm tip: Clockwise rotation reduces toe-in.
When adjusting the toe, the cam bolt (cam bolt) turn left or right no more than 90°from the center position.
Camber
Pic. 4.7. Upper suspension arm adjustment by turning the cam bolt
Adjustment of the upper arm of the rear suspension is carried out by a cam bolt (pic. 4.7).
Install the left and right springs according to the color marks.
When adjusting the toe, the cam bolt (cam bolt) turn left or right no more than 90°from the center position.
Camber (camber): 0°30’ ±30’.
Tire wear check
Measure the height of the tire tread pattern.
Tire tread height (minimum allowable value): 1.6mm
Pic. 4.8. Tread Height
If the tread height is less than the minimum allowable value, then replace the tire (pic. 4.8).
Note. When the minimum allowable tread height is reached, wear indicator strips appear on the tire.
Wheel runout check
Hang the wheels of one of the axles of the car and install safety racks under the car.
Pic. 4.9. Wheel runout check pattern
Measure wheel runout with a dial gauge as shown in figure 4.9.
Replace the wheel if its runout exceeds the limit.
Wheel runout (limit value, steel disc):
- radial - 0.6 mm;
- axial - 1.0 mm.
Aluminum Disc:
- radial - 0.3 mm;
- axial - 0.3 mm.
Tightening the wheel nuts
Tightening torque for wheel nuts: 90–110 Nm.
Pic. 4.10. Tightening the wheel nuts
Note. After tightening the nuts with a pneumatic tool (impact wrench) check the final tightening torque with a torque wrench (pic. 4.10).
Pic. 4.11. Wheel nut tightening order
Tighten all wheel nuts in the sequence shown in Figure 4.11.